{"id":3602,"date":"2021-10-01T20:43:56","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T19:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/?p=3602"},"modified":"2021-10-01T20:43:57","modified_gmt":"2021-10-01T19:43:57","slug":"udany-i-nieudany-lot-chinskiej-rakiety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/?p=3602&lang=pl","title":{"rendered":"Udany i nieudany lot chi\u0144skiej rakiety"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

27 wrze\u015bnia z chi\u0144skich kosmodrom\u00f3w odby\u0142y si\u0119 dwa starty kosmiczne. Niestety za drugim podej\u015bciem lot chi\u0144skiej rakiety CZ-3B zako\u0144czy\u0142 si\u0119 niepowodzeniem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prawie jak SpaceX<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Jako pierwsza wystartowa\u0142a rakieta no\u015bna Kuaizhou-1A chi\u0144skiej sp\u00f3\u0142ki Exspace. Czy\u017cby nazwa firmy Wam co\u015b przypomina\u0142a? Nazwa rakiety \u5feb\u821f Ku\u00e0izh\u014du<\/em> jest tak\u017ce dosy\u0107 innowacyjna. Mo\u017cna j\u0105 przet\u0142umaczy\u0107 jako “szybki statek”. Rakieta zasilana jest paliwem sta\u0142ym, i tym samym mo\u017ce by\u0107 bardzo szybko przygotowana do wystrzelenia. W skr\u00f3cie, jest to rozwi\u0105zane mile widziane dla zastosowa\u0144 wojskowych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lot chi\u0144skiej rakiety Kuaizhou-1A zako\u0144czy\u0142 si\u0119 sukcesem, a \u0142adunek ca\u0142y i zdrowy trafi\u0142 na orbit\u0119. Jednocze\u015bnie konstruktorzy rakiety ze start-upu Exspace odetchneli z ulg\u0105. Poprzednie dwa loty rakiet Kuaizhou zako\u0144czy\u0142y si\u0119 katastrof\u0105. Z tym start-upem to te\u017c przesadzi\u0142em. Exspace to po prostu komercyjna sp\u00f3\u0142ka c\u00f3rka przedsi\u0119biorstwa CASIC (China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation), wielkiego molocha zatrudniaj\u0105cego blisko 150 tysi\u0119cy os\u00f3b. Same za\u015b Kuaizhou wywodz\u0105 si\u0119 z rakiet balistycznych budowanych przez CASIC, a Exspace po prostu oferuje us\u0142ugi wynoszenia satelit\u00f3w na ogromnym chi\u0144skim rynku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kilka s\u0142\u00f3w o \u0142adunku<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Na pok\u0142adzie “ra\u017anej rakiety<\/em>” znajdowa\u0142 si\u0119 satelita obserwacyjny z konstelacji Jilin Gaofen (\u5409\u6797\u4e00\u53f7\u9ad8\u5206, J\u00ed L\u00edn Y\u012b H\u00e0o G\u0101of\u0113n<\/em>) o numerze seryjnym 02D. Od 2015 roku Chiny wystrzeli\u0142y ca\u0142kiem sporo satelit\u00f3w z rodziny Jilin. Wynosi\u0142y je r\u00f3\u017cne rakiety no\u015bne: D\u0142ugi Marsz, Hyperbola czy w\u0142a\u015bnie Kuaizhou. Lot z 27 wrze\u015bnia by\u0142 ju\u017c pi\u0119tnastym wystrzeleniem obiektu z rodziny Jilin. Drugi cz\u0142on nazwy satelity, Gaofen<\/em>, uchyla r\u0105bka tajemnicy o jego przeznaczeniu. Gaofen to po prostu “wysok\u0105 rozdzielczo\u015b\u0107<\/em>“. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Satelity z serii Gaofen 02 s\u0105 w stanie wykona\u0107 obrazy panchromatyczne ukazuj\u0105ce szczeg\u00f3\u0142y do 75 centymetr\u00f3w na piksel, a zdj\u0119cia te mo\u017cna zakupi\u0107 na rynku komercyjnym. Sprzedaje je sp\u00f3\u0142ka Chang Guang Satellite Technology, kt\u00f3ra r\u00f3wnie\u017c odpowiada za budow\u0119 satelit\u00f3w. Chi\u0144ski podmiot planuje do 2030 roku umie\u015bci\u0107 138 satelit\u00f3w Jilin na orbicie. Wedle zapewnie\u0144 sp\u00f3\u0142ki, b\u0119d\u0105 one w stanie dostarcza\u0107 zdj\u0119cia z ca\u0142ego globu z czasem rewizyty (czyli odst\u0119pem czasowym) wynosz\u0105cym 10 minut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak cz\u0119sto wykonywane zdj\u0119cia mog\u0105 mie\u0107 bardzo du\u017co zastosowa\u0144. Zar\u00f3wno w kwestiach wojskowych, jak i cywilnych. Pozwalaj\u0105 te\u017c \u0142atwiej monitorowa\u0107 obraz na Ziemi, cykaj\u0105c zdj\u0119cia przy wi\u0119kszym zachmurzeniu. Przy tak wysokim odst\u0119pie czasowym \u0142atwiej b\u0119dzie mo\u017cna uchwyci\u0107 cel przy \u015bredniej pogodzie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I \u0142y\u017cka dziegciu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Jednak nie wszystko si\u0119 uda\u0142o 27 wrze\u015bnia. Mo\u017cna powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce operacja si\u0119 uda\u0142a, pacjent zmar\u0142. Drugi lot chi\u0144skiej rakiety napotka\u0142 problemy. Po starcie chi\u0144skie pa\u0144stwowe media, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c serwisy CASC (producenta rakiety no\u015bnej D\u0142ugi Marsz 3B) bardzo d\u0142ugo milcza\u0142y. Ameryka\u0144skie Si\u0142y Zbrojne zarejestrowa\u0142y dwa nowe obiekty na orbicie transferowej na geostacjonarn\u0105 (177 x 40150 km, nachylenie 51 stopni). Jednym by\u0142 g\u00f3rny stopie\u0144 rakiety D\u0142ugi Marsz. Zaobserwowano r\u00f3wnie\u017c oddzielenie si\u0119 obiektu od stopnia rakietowego. Tym samym mo\u017cna wnioskowa\u0107, \u017ce cho\u0107 sam lot chi\u0144skiej rakiety zako\u0144czy\u0142 si\u0119 sukcesem, to z satelit\u0105 musia\u0142y pojawi\u0107 si\u0119 pewne problemy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/Cosmic_Penguin\/status\/1442408964528893958\n<\/div>
Nagranie ze startu rakiety D\u0142ugi Marsz 3B<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Start rakietowy by\u0142 widziany z Australii. Doniesienia “b\u0142yskach na niebie” pojawi\u0142y si\u0119 w lokalnych mediach spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych. O samym satelicie si\u0119 raczej wiele nie dowiemy. Sh\u00ecy\u00e0n W\u00e8ix\u012bng<\/em><\/em> (\u8bd5\u9a8c\u536b\u661f, satelita eksperymentalny) to seria r\u00f3\u017cnych satelit\u00f3w budowana przez wielu dostawc\u00f3w. S\u0142u\u017c\u0105 one przede wszystkim do testowania nowych technologii. W tym przypadku szczeg\u00f3\u0142y dotycz\u0105ce lotu s\u0105 po prostu zastrze\u017cone. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/7NewsSydney\/status\/1442595328553676800\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kolejny lot chi\u0144skiej rakiety odb\u0119dzie si\u0119 za dwa tygodnie. Z kosmodromu Jiuquan wystartuje rakieta nosna D\u0142ugi Marsz 2F. W kosmos w misji Shenzhou 13 poleci troje astronaut\u00f3w: Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping oraz Ye Guangfu na p\u00f3\u0142 roku zamieszkaj\u0105 na pok\u0142adzie Chi\u0144skiej Stacji Kosmicznej. B\u0119dzie to najd\u0142u\u017cszy lot za\u0142ogowy Pa\u0144stwa \u015arodka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jilin-1 na Wikipedii<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasz Kosmos (chi\u0144ski)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasaspaceflight <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SpaceNews<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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