{"id":3047,"date":"2020-11-20T19:21:32","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T18:21:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/?p=3047"},"modified":"2020-11-25T10:13:27","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T09:13:27","slug":"covid-19-opoznia-indyjski-program-zalogowy-gaganyaan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/?p=3047&lang=pl","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19 op\u00f3\u017ania program za\u0142ogowy Gaganyaan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Trwaj\u0105ca epidemia koronawirusa op\u00f3\u017ani przygotowania do pierwszego indyjskiego lotu za\u0142ogowego. Inauguracyjny, bezza\u0142ogowy lot kapsu\u0142y Gaganyaan odb\u0119dzie si\u0119 najwcze\u015bniej pod koniec 2021 roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indie planuj\u0105 zosta\u0107 czwartym pa\u0144stwem zdolnym do samodzielnego zorganizowania lotu za\u0142ogowego. Jako pierwsze, w latach sze\u015b\u0107dziesi\u0105tych zesz\u0142ego wieku, dokona\u0142y tego Zwi\u0105zek Radziecki i Stany Zjednoczone. Chinom uda\u0142o si\u0119 powt\u00f3rzy\u0107 osi\u0105gni\u0119cie zimnowojennych mocarstw dopiero w 2003 roku. Indyjskie ambicje musz\u0105 si\u0119&nbsp;jednak mierzy\u0107 z problemami finansowymi, biurokratycznymi oraz z epidemi\u0105 koronawirusa. <a href=\"https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/pl\/indyjski-program-lotow-zalogowych-boryka-sie-z-problemami\/\">O wcze\u015bniejszych problemach indyjskiego programu za\u0142ogowego mo\u017cecie przeczyta\u0107 w tym artykule<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Harmonogram programu Gaganyaan<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Przyszli indyjscy astronauci trafi\u0105 na orbit\u0119 na pok\u0142adzie statku kosmicznego Gaganyaan. Zanim udadz\u0105 si\u0119&nbsp;na lot dooko\u0142a Ziemi ich pojazd b\u0119dzie musia\u0142 zosta\u0107 szczeg\u00f3\u0142owo przetestowany. Program zak\u0142ada dwa bezza\u0142ogowe testy kapsu\u0142y, zanim spe\u0142nione zostan\u0105 wymogi bezpiecze\u0144stwa dla przeprowadzenia lotu za\u0142ogowego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><center><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Prototyp_indyjskiego_skafandra_kosmicznego-e1605886763384.jpg\" alt=\"Prototyp indyjskiego skafandra kosmicznego \/ Pallava Bagla\/Corbis\/Getty\" class=\"wp-image-3044\" srcset=\"https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Prototyp_indyjskiego_skafandra_kosmicznego-e1605886763384.jpg 800w, https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Prototyp_indyjskiego_skafandra_kosmicznego-e1605886763384-315x177.jpg 315w, https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Prototyp_indyjskiego_skafandra_kosmicznego-e1605886763384-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Prototyp_indyjskiego_skafandra_kosmicznego-e1605886763384-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Prototyp_indyjskiego_skafandra_kosmicznego-e1605886763384-585x329.jpg 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Prototyp indyjskiego skafandra kosmicznego \/ Pallava Bagla\/Corbis\/Getty<\/figcaption><\/center><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pierwotny harmonogram zak\u0142ada\u0142 bezza\u0142ogowe misje testowe w grudniu 2020 oraz lipcu 2021 roku. Epidemia koronawirusa pokrzy\u017cowa\u0142a jednak te plany. Obecnie pierwszy lot kapsu\u0142y Gaganyaan przesuni\u0119to na grudzie\u0144 2021 roku. Drugi lot testowy mia\u0142by si\u0119 odby\u0107 w 2022. Indie \u015bcigaj\u0105 si\u0119 z czasem. Program zak\u0142ada\u0142 realizacje lotu za\u0142ogowego przed 15 sierpnia 2022 roku, czyli 75 rocznic\u0105 uzyskania niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci przez Indie. W obecnej sytuacji wydaje si\u0119 prawdopodobne, \u017ce termin mo\u017ce nie zosta\u0107 utrzymany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kapsu\u0142a Gaganyaan b\u0119dzie w stanie pomie\u015bci\u0107 do trzech astronaut\u00f3w. B\u0119dzie ona w stanie przebywa\u0107 do siedmiu dni na orbicie. Podobnie jak w przypadku Chin, po przeprowadzeniu pierwszego lotu za\u0142ogowego Indie planuj\u0105 budow\u0119 ma\u0142ej stacji kosmicznej. B\u0119dzie to modu\u0142 o masie oko\u0142o 20 ton, kt\u00f3ry pozwoli na realizacj\u0119 d\u0142u\u017cszych misji za\u0142ogowych. Dalekosi\u0119\u017cne plany zale\u017ce\u0107 b\u0119d\u0105 jednak od zakresu wsparcia politycznego i \u2013 przede wszystkim \u2013 bud\u017cetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rakieta nabiera kszta\u0142t\u00f3w<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>W obliczu op\u00f3\u017anie\u0144 16 listopada indyjska agencja kosmiczna poinformowa\u0142a r\u00f3wnie\u017c o pierwszych (cho\u0107 na razie skromnych) sukcesach programu za\u0142ogowego. Przedsi\u0119biorstwo L&amp;T przekaza\u0142o do ISRO pierwszy element rakiety GSLV Mark III przeznaczonej do debiutanckiego lotu kapsu\u0142y Gaganyaan. Dok\u0142adniej mowa tutaj o jednej z sekcji boostera S200 zasilanego paliwem sta\u0142ym. Podobnie jak przy starcie ameryka\u0144skiego wahad\u0142owca kosmicznego, rakiet\u0119 GSLV Mark III b\u0119d\u0105 wspiera\u0142y dwa boostery zasilane paliwem sta\u0142ym.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dostarczona sekcja boostera S200 ma \u015brednice 3,2 metra, d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 8,5 metra oraz mas\u0119 5,5 ton. Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 komponent\u00f3w zosta\u0142a przeprojektowana, aby sprosta\u0107 podwy\u017cszonym wymogom bezpiecze\u0144stwa dla programu za\u0142ogowego (tzw. human rating). W pe\u0142ni z\u0142o\u017cone boostery S200 b\u0119d\u0105 mia\u0142y po 25 metr\u00f3w d\u0142ugo\u015bci i zostan\u0105 wype\u0142nione 205 tonami paliwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-twitter aligncenter wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter\"><center><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">First picture of the GSLV Mk3 S200 booster segment for uncrewed Gaganyaan mission delivered by L&amp;T to <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/isro?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@isro<\/a> via <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ReviewVayu?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ReviewVayu<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/nCkSFoUcRS\">https:\/\/t.co\/nCkSFoUcRS<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/uzfDhVloms\">pic.twitter.com\/uzfDhVloms<\/a><\/p>&mdash; AirSpaceDocs (@airspacedocs) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/airspacedocs\/status\/1328648643851603968?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 17, 2020<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/center><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dotychczas odby\u0142y si\u0119&nbsp;cztery loty rakiety GSLV Mark III. W pierwszym, suborbitalnym locie przetestowano kapsu\u0142\u0119 CARE testuj\u0105c\u0105 technologie sprowadzania \u0142adunk\u00f3w z orbity.  Drugi i trzeci lot wyni\u00f3s\u0142 indyjskie satelity telekomunikacyjne GSAT-19 i GSAT-29. W czwartym locie rakieta wystrzeli\u0142a misj\u0119 ksi\u0119\u017cycow\u0105 Chandrayaan-2. Zanim rakieta GSLV Mark III poleci z kapsu\u0142\u0105 Gaganyaan, ISRO przeprowadzi jeszcze dwa loty: misj\u0119 ksi\u0119\u017cycow\u0105 Chandrayaan-3 oraz satelit\u0119 GSAT-20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Podsumowanie<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Podsumowuj\u0105c, epidemia koronawirusa mniej lub bardziej wp\u0142yn\u0119\u0142a na harmonogramy projekt\u00f3w kosmicznych na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie. W przypadku Indii wydaje si\u0119 prawdopodobne, \u017ce program za\u0142ogowy b\u0119dzie dalej rozwijany. Nie chodzi tu wszak\u017ce tylko o 75 rocznic\u0119 uzyskania niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci. Wp\u0142yw na d\u0142ugoterminowe plany Indii b\u0119d\u0105 mia\u0142y r\u00f3wnie\u017c dzia\u0142ania s\u0105siednich Chin. A te maj\u0105 jasny cel: Ksi\u0119\u017cyc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0179rod\u0142a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.deccanherald.com\/national\/unmanned-gaganyaan-flight-to-take-off-by-2021-end-report-917399.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Deccan Herald<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.isro.gov.in\/update\/16-nov-2020\/s200-motor-case-gaganyaan-first-unmanned-mission-flagged\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ISRO<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2019\/06\/13\/india-space-station\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Techcrunch<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/first-crewless-gaganyaan-flight-only-by-end-of-2021\/articleshow\/79290282.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Times of India<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/airspacedocs\/status\/1328648643851603968\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Twitter: AirSpaceDocs<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaganyaan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trwaj\u0105ca epidemia koronawirusa op\u00f3\u017ani przygotowania do pierwszego indyjskiego lotu za\u0142ogowego. Inauguracyjny, bezza\u0142ogowy lot kapsu\u0142y Gaganyaan odb\u0119dzie si\u0119 najwcze\u015bniej pod koniec 2021 roku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bluesky_dont_syndicate":"","_bluesky_syndication_accounts":"","_bluesky_syndication_text":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[313,449,264,263,172],"class_list":["post-3047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-indie","tag-gaganyaan","tag-gslv-mark-iii","tag-indie","tag-isro","tag-loty-zalogowe"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Covid-19 op\u00f3\u017ania program za\u0142ogowy Gaganyaan - OrientSpace<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Koronawirus op\u00f3\u017ani\u0142 przygotowania do pierwszego indyjskiego lotu za\u0142ogowego. 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Testowy lot kapsu\u0142y Gaganyaan odb\u0119dzie si\u0119 pod koniec 2021 roku\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/?p=3047&amp;lang=pl\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OrientSpace\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/orientspace2020\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-20T18:21:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-25T09:13:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/orientspace.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Statek_kosmiczny_Gaganyaan.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Micha\u0142 Moroz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Micha\u0142 Moroz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/?p=3047&lang=pl#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/?p=3047&lang=pl\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Micha\u0142 Moroz\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/891e195dc2a4b8d102b01fe2490c01b0\"},\"headline\":\"Covid-19 op\u00f3\u017ania program za\u0142ogowy Gaganyaan\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-20T18:21:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-25T09:13:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/?p=3047&lang=pl\"},\"wordCount\":627,\"commentCount\":2,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/?p=3047&lang=pl#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/Statek_kosmiczny_Gaganyaan.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Gaganyaan\",\"GSLV Mark III\",\"Indie\",\"ISRO\",\"Loty za\u0142ogowe\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Indie\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/?p=3047&lang=pl#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/?p=3047&lang=pl\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/?p=3047&lang=pl\",\"name\":\"Covid-19 op\u00f3\u017ania program za\u0142ogowy Gaganyaan - OrientSpace\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/?p=3047&lang=pl#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/?p=3047&lang=pl#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/orientspace.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/Statek_kosmiczny_Gaganyaan.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-20T18:21:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-25T09:13:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"Koronawirus op\u00f3\u017ani\u0142 przygotowania do pierwszego indyjskiego lotu za\u0142ogowego. 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